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Dikobraz ‚porcupine‘ and buvol ‚buffalo‘ 200 years after Presl – research in the present-day pronunciation of two common nouns
Štěpánová, Veronika ; Novák, J.
Within a scientific internship for high school students realized in 2021 in the Czech Language Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, besides other things, the current pronunciation usage of the expressions dikobraz ‚porcupine‘ and buvol ‚buffalo‘, both proposed by J. S. Presl as official Czech zoological terms, has been investigated. Both of these designations are remarkable from the phonetic point of view. In case of dikobraz, the existing monolingual dictionaries of Czech have so far admitted the pronunciation variants [dɪkobras] and [ɟɪkobras]. The analysis of sound records from the online archives of Czech public media has proved that the variant [ɟɪkobras], reflecting the etymological origin of this Russianism, has not appeared in a representative sample of both professional and non‑professional speakers. An informal survey has discovered that its occurrence would be surprising or disturbing for a majority of the users of Czech. On the other hand, in case of the second analysed expression buvol, it has been proved that more than one third of the investigated Czech speakers use the sound variant [buːvol], whereas no such sound (or graphical) variant is codified at present (however, J. S. Presl originally proposed a form written bůvol). The results of this research may serve also as important data for the arising Academic Dictionary of Contemporary Czech, for the Internet Language Reference Book etc.
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Mesh Compression for 64k Intro
Kosek, Jindřich ; Pečiva, Jan (referee) ; Polok, Lukáš (advisor)
This work deals with compression of 3D models for the use in intro with limited size of less than 64kB. Various techniques of model compression are described. Data structure of the model that was used to demonstrate the selected compression methods is also described. A simple algorithm for Catmull-Clark surface subdivision is described. Finally, the selected methods are experimentally evaluated to select the best of them.
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Manifestation of Deflectivization in Contemporary Czech - The Tendency Not to Inflect Some First Names in Connection With Surnames
Kripnerová, Nella ; Sojka, Pavel (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
This thesis deals with the issue of deflectivization in contemporary Czech, specifically the tendency not to inflect some first names in connection with surnames. The theoretical part focuses on the dynamics of the development of contemporary Czech, explains the concepts of norm and codification, describes variant forms in the language and clarifies the causes of language changes. He then defines a relatively new tendency - deflectivization and gives some specific examples of it. In connection with the non-declension of some names, it clarifies how such names should be inflected. The aim of the practical part is to compare the results of the questionnaire survey, which aims to find out to what extent deflectivization tendencies manifest themselves in the Czech population, with the results reported in the CNK and to evaluate whether or not there is a tendency to inflect these names prevailing. KEYWORDS Development tendencies of contemporary language, variation, language norm, codification, deflectivization, declension, first name, surname
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Codification of law in France under the First Empire
Vavříček, Martin ; Seltenreich, Radim (advisor) ; Císař, Jaromír (referee)
Codification of law in France under the First Empire The purpose of my thesis is to analyze genesis of preparation of six codes in France, to explain all influences and to show importance of this codification for the rest of the world. The scope of my thesis research is wider than just a description of codification works between years 1804-1815. The first part of this work explores the basis for codification. Sources of law, roman law, natural law, age of enlightenment, Declaration of the Rights and of the Citizens and legislative procedure under the First empire. The second part is composed of five chapters. Chapter one describes French Civil code promulgated in 1804. This chapter is composed of following subchapters: genesis of codification between years 1789-1804, the major figures of codification, systematics, related laws, selected paragraphs of Civil code and language quality. Chapter two is about Code of civil procedure (Code de procedure civile, 1806). It is composed of three subchapters: genesis, systematic and characteristics of this code. Chapter three describes Commercial Code (Code de commerce, 1807). This chapter includes genesis of commercial law from 16th century. The rest subchapters analyze genesis, systematic and characteristics of this codification. Chapter four is composed of...
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The position and concept of custom in contemporary international law
Denk, Martin ; Šturma, Pavel (advisor) ; Ondřej, Jan (referee)
The position and concept of custom in contemporary international law Summary: The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the position and concept of customary law in contemporary international law. The terms "position" and "concept" are used in the meaning of the actual status of the custom within the system of sources of the international law, as well as in the meaning of "value" or "usefulness" of customary law in contemporary international society, also regarding the discussion of authors concerning increasing pace and extent of international relations as a potential ground for diminishment or refusal custom as a valid source of international law. The reason why we chose this topic is, amongst others, to show that even today, under contemporary situation, customary law still have the value within the system of the sources of international law, and its' position should not be abolished or even significantly diminished. The thesis consists of three main chapters. First chapter provides the look into the history, theory and position of custom as a socio-legal phenomenon in different legal cultures in order to describe the key aspects of the view of each of those cultures on intrastate (or intra-cultural) custom and customary law, allowing to stress certain similarities and differences. Subsection one of this...
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A comparison of due managerial care of a member of governing body in the Czech Republic and a comparable duty of a member of governing body in Ireland
Pečinka, Martin ; Josková, Lucie (advisor) ; Čech, Petr (referee)
This paper deals with a comparison between the Czech duty of due managerial care of a member of governing body of limited company and the Irish non-fiduciary duty to exercise care, skill and diligence of a director of limited company (hereinafter also referred as "duty of care"). The paper aims to find out a possible way to improve legislation of the duty of due managerial care on the basis of comparison with the duty of care. The duty of care sets the ground for the comparison, therefore the paper deals first with the Irish legal status of the duty of care, which has been recently changed by the Companies Act 2014. Despite of the codification of the directors' duties, the core of interpretation and application of the duty of care still rests in judicial decisions. Nevertheless, the change of source and statutory wording of the duty means that the substance of Re City Equitable [1925] does not represent a good law anymore. The standard of care of Re City Equitable [1925] has been replaced by the minimal objective standard based on the British judgment Re D'Jan of London [1994]. The content of the duty of care is determined on the case by case basis, but in any event it consists of conclusions of the British judgment Re Barings [1999], which has been accepted by the Irish courts in restriction...
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Defectiveness of the present converb in literary Russian: codification and use
Beňovský, Jan ; Giger, Markus (advisor) ; Stranz-Nikitina, Veronika (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the defectiveness of present converb in contemporary Russian language. The first part outlines the theoretical solutions of converb in Russian language, its origin and diachronic development. The second part presents basic grammar books illustrating the codification of defectiveness of present converb during the 20th and early 21st century. The grammars of Lomonosov, Grech and Vostokov, which illustrate the state of codification in the previous period, are composed to supplement. On the basis of theoretical knowledge and data from the grammars most often forbidding forms of the converbs were chosen and then submitted to corpus analysis. The aim of the corpus analysis was to verify the actual usage of the forbidding forms of present converbs in literary texts. key words: morphology; Russian; converb; codification; use; corpus
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The Use and Grammatical Description of the Form "allgemeine reflexive Zustandsform"
Svobodová, Lucie ; Dovalil, Vít (advisor) ; Doležal, Jiří (referee)
This paper deals with a grammatical structure, so called "allgemeine reflexive Zustandsform". It consists of the second participle from a reflexive verb that can build neither passive nor "Zustandsreflexiv" and of an auxiliary verb. This form occurs also in attributive Position which does not correspond to the contemporary codification. The frequency and occurrence of this structure in various genres and themes was analysed by means of a corpus analysis of empirical examples from newspaper "Frankfurter Rundschau". Another important issue was to carry out the co-occur analysis and the determination, wether the examined articles lean towards the conceptually written pole or not. All these factors co-decided, if the "allgemeine reflexive Zustandsform" despite its frequent usage should be classified as non-standard. This form turned out to appear often in standard, exemplary and conceptually written articles. Therefore, we can assume that this structure shows a movement toward the standard variety of German.
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